BIOLOGY 223: HUMAN GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
Study guide for Final Exam, Spring 2007 (download this guide as an easy to print Word document)
Be able to explain the following terms with examples where appropriate:
- Adrenarche
- Menarche
- Spermarche
- Haplotype
- HLA
- MHC
- AGA
- SGA
- LGA
- Centenarians
- The Metabolic Syndrome
- Autoimmune diseases
- Endocrine disruptors
- Dementia
- Autograft
- Xenograft
- Allograft
- Isograft
- Apolipoprotein A
- DHEA
- IUGR
- Cancer
- Oncogene
- What are the three most prevalent types of cancer for males and for females?
- Why is cancer considered a genetic disease, even though its heritability is low?
- What are the relative heritabilities of longevity and of Alzheimer’s disease?
- What are the genetic systems that are most important in tissue matching for transplantation?
- Name several autoimmune diseases that are associated with HLA alleles
- What are the features of brains of Alzheimer’s patients?
- What are the cognitive features of Alzheimer’s disease?
- What are the relative heritabilites of age at menarche and age at menopause?
- How do trends in sperm counts compare in different parts of the world?
- List and describe the nongenetic factors that can influence birth weight.
What are some possible explanations for declines in sperm counts in the West?
- Discuss some of the similarities and differences between the consequences of low and high birth weights for adult health and disease.
- What is meant by “exceptional longevity” and how might its basis differ from longevity in general?
- Compare the functions of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
- Explain why tumor suppressors are often the 1st genes mutated in a developing
Cancer.
- List the Six Hallmarks of Cancer
- Describe the advantages of using modern, targeted cancer therapies
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