ECOL/MCB 320 Genetics Spring 2007  Send problems and corrections to birky@u.arizona.edu If you can't access this site, try again an hour later; it may be down for modifications and additions for anywhere from a few minutes to an hour or more. WE TRY TO KEEP THIS WEB SITE UP TO DATE AND COMPLETE, HOWEVER SOME THINGS MAY BE ANNOUNCED IN CLASS BUT NOT PUT ON THE WEB SITE. YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR KNOWING EVERYTHING THAT IS SAID IN CLASS.

Link to ECOL 320H Honors Genetics

IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENTS!! Check this site periodically for announcements, corrections, additions, etc. Announcements may be deleted after one week or less. 4/3 A .pdf version of Homework 4 has been posted for those of you who couldn't download the .doc version with the sequence figure. Also posted .pdf versions of Practice Problems 5 and 6 and their answers. Note special office hours for Dr. Birky before midterm 3 and final exam. 3/31 Homework 4 is on the web, due next Friday 4/6.

FACULTY

GRADUATE TEACHING ASSISTANTS

Dr. C. William (Bill) Birky, Jr. (instructor in charge) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics Office: 318 Biological Sciences West Phone: 626-6513 E-mail: birky@u.arizona.edu (include ECOL320 or MCB320 in subject line) Office hours: Thursday 11-12 through April 5. Special office hours for Midterm 3 and the Final: Tuesday 4/24 2-3 in BSW 302; Thursday 11-12 in BSW 318; Tuesday May 1 2-4 in BSW 302. Web site: Birky Lab Dr. Linda L. Restifo Division of Neurobiology, Arizona Research Laboratories Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics, Neuroscience, and Insect Science Phone: 621-9821 E-mail: llr@neurobio.arizona.edu (include ECOL320 or MCB320 in subject line) Office hours: THURSDAYS, 1-2:30 pm, Rm. 401 Gould-Simpson. Web site: Restifo

Mike Dellinger Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Office: Second floor lobby Life Sciences South (during office hours only) E-mail: mtd@email.arizona.edu (include ECOL320 or MCB320 in subject line) Office hours: Tues 11:30-12:30, Thurs 1:40-2:40 Carlos Flores Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Office: Room 302 Biological Sciences West (during office hours only) E-mail: cfloresl@email.arizona.edu (include ECOL320 or MCB320 in subject line) Office hours: Wed 12:30-1:30, Thurs 4-5 Gaby Wlasiuk Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Office: Room 302 Biological Sciences West (during office hours only) E-mail: wlasiuk@email.arizona.edu (include ECOL320 or MCB320 in subject line) Office hours: Wed 9-10, Fri 9-10 Web site: Gabriela

Questions for the instructors? If you have a question about a quiz, homework, exam, or lecture, please ask one of the TAs or the instructor who is lecturing in that part of the course. If you want to go to an instructor's office hours, please notify the instructor by an email the day before. If no one says they will come, the instructor won't necessarily be there. Exception: the week before an exam, when we are sure that somebody will come to office hours! If you have a question but the instructor isn't in, do one of the following: Send email. Be sure it includes ECOL320 or MCB320 in the subject line, otherwise we'll assume it is spam and delete it. Make an appointment to see the instructor outside of office hours.

Private Tutoring

You can get help from the Teaching Assistants and instructors during their office hours, and to a limted extent at other times, by appointments. But we all have lots of other things to do and cannot spend large amounts of time with individual students. If you need additional private tutoring, check out the web site of the University Tutoring Services:http:services.htm

Lectures	MWF 11-11:50	Chemistry 111
Discussion	F 2-2:50	Education 211

Attendance is required at all lectures and discussion sessions. Students are responsible for knowing all announcements and material presented at each lecture and discussion.

TEXTBOOK Hartl & Jones 2005 Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes, 6th ed., Jones and Bartlett

Learning Objectives and Their Relationship to Practice Problems, Homework Problems, and Exams To master any subject, you need to learn some facts, figures, and vocabulary. Many of these can be easily tested by "objective" questions such as multiple choice and fill in the blanks. Some can be tested by requiring you to draw, or complete, diagrams. You will also need to master concepts. Your ability to do this is best tested by giving you problems to solve. Some problems will be straightforward, but in other cases it will not be obvious which concepts must be applied, and how they are to be applied. That, of course, is the way science, and life, work. For problems in the text, answers to even-numbered problems are in back of text. Answers to odd-numbered text problems and to additional problems on pdf files will be posted approximately one week after the problems are assigned. Errors occasionally occur in the answers to assigned problems and may go a long time without being noticed. If you believe that an answer is incorrect, check with an instructor or TA so we can correct it.

VERY TENTATIVE LECTURE OUTLINE

PLUS READING AND PROBLEM ASSIGNMENTS

DATE	LECTURER	TOPICS, READING ASSIGNMENTS (TEXTBOOK), OUTLINES, PRACTICE PROBLEMS (not handed in or graded), ETC.	HOMEWORK Download and hand in for grade QUIZZES, EXAMS
Jan. 10 Wed.	Birky	Section 1. Course introduction; diversity and uniformity of life and of genetics Read: Chap 1 Sect. 1.8 Lecture outline: Sect1Introduction.pdf
Jan. 12 Fri.	Birky	Section 1 (cont.) Section 2. DNA Structure Read: Chap. 1 Sect. 1.1-1.7; Chap. 2 Sect. 2.1-2.2 Do problems: Guide to Problem Solving, 1.13, 1.14, 1.16, l.17 Answers: AnswersOddProbsSect1-3.doc Lecture outline: Sect2DNA.pdf
Jan. 15 Mon.	Birky	Martin Luther King Day
Jan. 17 Wed.	Birky	Section 3. DNA Replication Read: Chap. 6 Sect. 6.1-6.6 Do problems: 6.10, 6.12, 6.14, 6.20, 6.22 (a) (b) Lecture outline: Sect3DNAReplication.pdf
Jan. 19 Fri.	Birky	Section 4. DNA Manipulation Read: Chap. 6 Sect. 6.6; Chap. 2 Sect. 2.3, 2.4; Chap. 12 Sect. 12.1-12.3 to p. 5.13 Do problems: 2.6, 2,14 Lecture outline Sect4ManipulatingDNA.pdf Updated 1/24	Quiz1Answers.pdf Grades: Mean 6.2 Mode 8 Range 0-10
Jan. 22 Mon.	Birky	Section 5. Transcription Read: Chap. 1 p. 18; Chap. 10 Sect. 10.3 through p. 410 Do problems: 1.21, 1.23, 1.24, 1.25, 1.26, 1.29 Answers: AnswersOddProbsSect5.pdf Lecture outline: Sect5Transcription.pdf Updated 1/24
Jan. 24 Wed.	Birky	Section 6. Translation Read: Chap. 1 pp. 19-21; Chap. 10 Sect. 10.6, 10.7, 10.8 Do problems: Guide to Problem Solving problem 1, 10.8, 10.10, 10.11, 10.22, 10.25, 10.27 AnswersOddProbsSect6.pdf Lecture outline: Sect6Translation.pdf	Quiz2Answers Grades: Mean 7.1 Mode 7 Range 0-10
Jan. 26 Fri..	Birky	Section 6. Translation (continued) Section 7. Mutation Read: Chap. 14 Sect. 14.1, 14.2, 14.3 (omit parts about molecular mechanisms of tranposition), skim 14.4 and 14.5 Do problems: 10.25 Lecture outline: Section7Mutation.pdf
Jan. 29 Mon.	Birky	Section 7. Mutation (continued)	Homework1.doc Homework1Answers.pdf mean 8.03 mode 10 range 0 - 10
Jan. 31 Wed.	Birky	Section 7. Mutation (continued) Section 8. Regulation In Prokaryotes Read: Chap. 11 Sect. 11.1, 11.2 Do problems: Chap. 11 solved problem 1; 11.2, 11.4, 11.14, 11.24
Feb. 2 Fri.	Birky	Section 8. Regulation In Prokaryotes (cont.) Lecture outline: Sect8RegulationProkaryotes.pdf
Feb. 5 Mon.	Birky	Section 8. Regulation In Prokaryotes (cont.) Section 9. Regulation in Eukaryotes Read: Section 11.5, pp. 464-468, 470-477. Do problems: Solved problems 1 and 2; 11.2, 11.4, 11.6, 11.8, 11.14, 11.24 Lecture outline: Sect9RegulationEukaryotes.pdf
Feb. 7 Wed	Birky	Section 9. Regulation in Eukaryotes (cont.) Section 10. Asexual Reproduction and Mitosis Leccture outline: Sect10AsexReprod&Mitosis.pdf. Updated 2/22. Read: Chap. 4 through sections 4.1 and 4.2
Feb. 9 Fri.	Birky	Section 11. Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis Lecture outline: Sect11Sex&Meiosis.pdf Read: Section 4.3; Fig. 5.19, Fig. 16.10 Do problems: Text problems 4.6, 4.8, 3.2, 3.8, 3.12; Practice Problems1.pdf PracticeProblems1Answers.pdf
Feb. 12 Mon.	Birky	Section 12. Mendelian Genetics 1 Read: pp. 88-104 Lecture outline: Sect12MendelianGenetics1.pdf Updated 2/16
Feb. 14 Wed.	Birky	Review ReviewQuestions2-13.pdf
Feb. 16 Fri.	Birky	11 a.m. Section 12. Mendelian Genetics 1 Section 13. Mendelian Genetics 2 Probability Lecture outline: Sect13.MendGen2Probability.pdf Revised 3/2 Read: Chap. 3 pp. 102-109; Chap. 4 Sect. 4.5 Do problems: 4.10, 4.16, 4.24, 4.28, 4.30  2 p.m.: MIDTERM EXAM 1 Covers material through Section 11.	Midterm1Key.pdf Statistics given on key.
Feb. 19 Mon.	Birky	Section 13. Mendelian Genetics 2 Probability
Feb. 21 Wed.	Birky	Section 13. Mendelian Genetics 2 Probability Section 14. Pedigree Analysis and Molecular Markers Read: pp. 105-112 Lecture outline: Sect14PedigreeMolecMarker.pdf Revised 3/6 PracticeProblems2.pdf PracticeProblems2Answers.pdf
Feb. 23 Fri.	Birky	Linkage, Recombination, and Mapping Read: pp. 150-159; 176-198; 203-207; 210-212 Do problems: 5.2, 5.4, 5.12, 5.14, 5.16, 5.18(a), 5.22 Sect15Linkage&Recombination.pdf Revised 3/2 PracticeProblems3.pdf PracticeProblems3Answers.pdf
Feb. 26 Mon.	Birky	Linkage, Recombination, and Mapping	Homework2.doc Due March 7 Homework2Key.doc Mean 6.9 Range 0-10 Mode 8
Feb. 28 Wed.	Birky	Linkage, Recombination, and Mapping	Quiz3Answers.pdf Mean 7.4 Range 2-10 Mode 10
Mar. 2 Fri.	Birky	Variation in Chromosome Structure Read: Chap. 8, pp. 309-334; Chap. 14 pp. 606-612. Do problems: Chap. 8, worked problems 1 & 2; problems 8.6, 8.12, 8.16 Sect16ChromStructVar.pdf Discussion3-2-07.pdf
Mar. 5 Mon.	Birky	Variation in Chromosome Structure
Mar. 7 Wed.	Birky	Variation in Chromosome Structure PracticeProblems4.pdf PracticeProblems4Answers.pdf	Quiz4Answers.pdf Mean 6.3 Range 2-10 Mode 6
Mar. 9 Fri.	Birky	Organelle Genetics Read: Chap. 16 pp. 703, 686-700 (omit sections on RNA Editing, Genetic Codes of Organelles, and Respiration-Deficient Mitochondrial Mutants.) Do problems: 16.2, 16.7, 16.8, 16.10, 16.14, 16.16, 16.18 Sect17OrganelleGenetics.pdf NO DISCUSSION SECTION TODAY
Mar. 12-16		Spring Break!!
Mar. 19 Mon.	Birky	Review Session: send questions/problems you'd like to have discussed to Dr. Birky by 9:30 a.m. today. 07-03-26Review.pdf
Mar. 21 Wed.	Birky	MIDTERM EXAM 2 Covers material in Sections 12-16 (2/12-3/7).	Midterm2Key.doc Mean 76.8 Range 25-100
Mar. 23 Fri.	Birky	Population Genetics Read: Chap. 17 pp. 716-717; 725-734; 740-742; 749-752; 742-749 (Note: this reading assignment roughly matches the order of topics in the lectures, but you could also read Chap. 17 in the original order.) Do problems: 17.2, 17.16. Sect18aPopulationGenetics1.pdf Review of Midterm Exam 2.	Quiz5Answers.doc Mean 4.8 Range 0-10 Mode 3
Mar. 26 Mon.	Birky	Population Genetics Sect18bPopulationGenetics2.pdf
Mar. 28 Wed.	Birky	Population Genetics Practice problems: PracticeProblems5.pdf; PracticeProblems6.pdf PracticeProblems5Answers.pdf; PracticeProblems6Answers.pdf Read: Chap. 17 pp. 718-725
Mar. 30 Fri.	Birky	Evolutionary Genetics Read: Chap. 17 pp. 718-725 Sect19MolecularEvolution.pdf PracticeProblems4Answers.pdf	Homework4.doc Homework4.pdf Due Friday 4/6
Apr. 2 Mon.	Restifo	Developmental Genetics I: cell identity & differentiation; interaction vs. autonomy. Read: Chap. 13 pp,. 552-559. StudyGuideApr2(PDF)
Apr. 4 Wed.	Restifo	Developmental Genetics II: C. elegans model system; introduction to pattern formation (Drosophila) Read: Ch. 13, pp. 559-568 StudyGuideApr4(PDF)
Apr. 6 Fri.	Restifo	Developmental Genetics III: genetics of segmentation; Hox genes Read: Ch. 13, pp.569-576, 578, 586-7 ("Problems 1&2") Discussion (2pm): cross-species similarities of developmental genes
Apr. 9 Mon.	Restifo	Developmental Genetics IV: finish segmentation genetics; dosage compensation Read: Ch. 8, pp. 301-304
Apr. 11 Wed.	Restifo	Developmental Genetics V: Genomic imprinting; use of genetic mosaics Read: Ch. 11, pp. 478-481
Apr. 13 Fri.	Restifo	Cancer Genetics I: definitions; introduction to cell cycle; cdc mutants Read: Ch. 15, pp. 644-650. Also: Ch. 14, pp. 594-596.
Apr. 16 Mon.	Restifo	Cancer Genetics II: cyclins and Cdks; cell cycle checkpoints; genetic instability Read: Ch. 15, pp. 650-654; 656-661.
Apr. 18 Wed.	Restifo	Cancer Genetics III: cancer genes: tumor suppressors and proto-oncogenes; DNA repair genes Read: Ch. 15, 664-676; Ch. 14, 626-631
Apr. 20 Fri.	Restifo	Cancer Genetics IV: chromosomal translocations; Ames test; special topic in human genetic disease Read: Ch. 14, pp. 634-635; 600-604, 606.
Apr.23 Mon.	Restifo	Genetic Technology I: expression profiling and cancer Read: Ch. 13, pp 502-514; 524-528
Apr. 25 Wed.	Restifo	Genetic Technology II: making transgenic organisms; finding and using regulatory sequences Ch. 12, pp. 530-538; Ch. 11, pp. 467-470
Apr. 27 Fri.	Restifo	MIDTERM EXAM 3 Covers Dr. Birky's lectures on chromosome variation and population and evolutionary genetics, and Dr. Restifo's lectures on Developmental and Cancer Genetics (through April 21). Exam is in lecture section at 11. Discussion (2 pm): review OG Midterm Exam 3
Apr. 30 Mon.	Restifo	Genetic Technology III: cloning organisms, cont.
May 2 Wed.	Restifo	REVIEW FOR FINAL EXAM: send questions in advance to the appropriate instructor	Suggested textbook problems to study: 8.4, 8.8, 12.26, 14.10, 15.4, 15.6, 15.12, 15.14, 15.20, 15.26, 15.28
May 4 Fri.		FINAL EXAM regular lecture room (Chem. 111), 11 a.m. - 1 p.m.	$$

Guidelines for Genetics Homework 1. Copying the homework key is cheating. You will receive a 0 on that assignment and this is considered a warning. If it happens again, disciplinary action will be taken. (See Academic Integrity below.) 2. Copying somebody else's work is cheating. Both persons will be penalized as above. 3. PROOFREAD! You must correct spelling and grammatical errors before you turn in your work. If you need help, there is a writing assistance center on campus. 4. Type your answers. Points will be deducted for handwritten answers (except for equations, calculations, and drawings). 5. Be concise. A lot of detail does not make the answer more correct. Use as few words in complete sentences to answer the questions. This is an important skill to learn in college anyway, so this class is a great place to start. 6. Answer the question. Two common problems are (1) the brain dump resulting in a lot of information on the page but we are left without an answer; and (2) defining every word in the question but not actually answering the question. Neither will get you any points. 7. Take a stand. Avoid being wishy-washy in your homework by stating every possible answer or giving several points of view. Write down a single answer, otherwise you will lose points.

Grade Tracking: to see your grade, click on Grade Tracker.

Your username is your first initial, followed by an underscore, followed by your last name, all lower case. Example:

name: Denny Jackson usernam: d_jackson. If your last name contains a space or an apostrophe, these have been removed and the parts of your last name have been concatenated. Examples: name: Denny J'ckson username: d_jckson. If your last name contains a hyphen, the hypen is still there. Example: name: Denny Jack-son username: d_jack-son.

Grade Distributions

Midterm 1

Midterm 2

Midterm 3

Final

Total Points

Points Grade

Problems with Computer Files?

You can e-mail me (Dr. Birky) with a description of the operating system, web browser, and other software that you tried to use, the URL of the web page involved, and the nature of the problem. If you are using a Mac, I might be able to help you. If you are using Windows, I probably can't help (unless the problem is with the web page itself); but of course there are lots of public Macs on campus. Also I think that the public computer facilities have someone on hand who might be able to help. If you see a problem described here and know another way to fix it, or know of a fix under Windows, e-mail me and I'll post it if it seems to be generally useful.

HELPING YOURSELF BY HELPING OTHERS

It is to your advantage to help each other in the course. If you help someone else to increase their grade, yours will not automatically be decreased as it would be if we graded on a strict curve. Moreover, you will learn more; the best way to learn is to teach. If you wish to form a study group, send an e-mail to Dr. Birky, who will post a list of names and email addresses on this web site.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

ATTENDANCE  Attendance at all lectures and discussion sections is required. You are responsible for all material and announcements in each class meeting. If you miss a meeting, or are late, you must get notes from someone who was there (another student, not the GTA or lecturer). Dr. Birky's lectures for each section will be put on the web site but only after the section is completed and the files updated and corrected; this may be several days or a week or more after the first lecture on that section; therefore it behooves you to attend and take notes. PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT Ordinary courtesy requires that you not talk during the lecture, unless the instructor gives you a group exercise to do, or calls on you to answer a question. Cell Phones and Pagers are prohibited in the classroom unless they are turned off. If you must have one on to respond to a possible emergency, get approval from the instructor before class. Otherwise be prepared for public humiliation if your phone or pager rings. (Yes, this means you can't call anybody during class.) E-MAIL PROTOCOL  If you contact a GTA or instructor by e-mail, be sure that the subject line includes ECOL320 or MCB320 so we know your message isn't spam. Please yourself by first and last name. Messages without such a subject line and name will be trashed and not read. Your e-mail address isn't sufficient identification, but it must be included so that we can respond. ACADEMIC INTEGRITY  You must be familiar with the Student Code of Conduct which is on the web at this web site. Note especially Section F.1. which prohibits "All forms of student academic dishonesty, including but not limited to cheating, fabrication, facilitating academic dishonesty, and plagiarism." Faking excuses for missing exams is fabrication and academic dishonesty. Cheating of any sort will not be tolerated. A sample page will be copied from each exam after the exams are graded. Exams returned for re-grading will be checked against the sample pages to make sure that no answers were changed after grading. You must sign your name on the first page of each exam, as well as printing it on each page. Penalties for cheating (UA Code of Academic Integrity) range from a zero grade for the exam to suspension from the university. WEB SITE You are responsible for knowing everything that is on this web site, and you should check it at least once each week, and two days before each exam. It will include important announcements; faculty contact info; rules and regulations; lecture and exam schedules; pdf files of lecture outlines, practice problems, homework problems, etc., etc. READING ASSIGNMENTS  Reading assignments will be made regularly. You are responsible for all material in the assigned readings, even if they are not covered in lecture. HOMEWORK PROBLEMS AND QUIZZES Homework problems are problems or questions for you to answer. These problems will be assigned on or before Monday, and must be turned in by Friday of the same week, before 2 p.m.; or assigned on Wednesday and are due the following Monday before class; or assigned on Friday and due as announced. You should keep a copy for yourself to refer to during the discussion or lecture sections. The problems will be graded and returned to you. Quizzes are short tests with problems or questions; they will be given in class, with or without prior warning. We anticipate that there will be a total of 12 problem sets plus quizes, each worth 10 points; your two worst scores will be thrown out and the remainder prorated to 100 points. If you miss a quiz, you'll get a zero (which will be one of your two worst scores, we hope). PRACTICE PROBLEMS Occasionally you will be assigned practice problems. Some will be from the text; others will be problems written by the instructors. Problems will not be graded, but if you don't work them, you will be hard-pressed to get a good grade for the course. Answers to even-numbered text problems are at the end of the book. Answers to other assigned problems will be accessible from the web site. DO NOT read the answers before you try to work the problems, or you will learn very little from them. After you've worked the problems, check the answers yourself. If you don't understand the problem, visit either TA or the relevant instructor during office hours. GRADING Your grade will be based on three midterm exams, worth 100 points each; the final exam, worth 200 points; and your homework and quizzes, worth a total of 100 points. Your total score for the entire course will be used to assign a letter grade. The final exam will be comprehensive. You are responsible for taking all examinations. On RARE occasions, DOCUMENTED medical or family emergencies may represent a valid excuse for missing an exam. You must bring written proof of the problem to Dr. Birky. Medical excuses must include a note from a doctor (not a parent) saying that you are too sick to take an exam, not just that you were seen. We hate to be ghoulish, but even family emergencies and funerals of close relatives must be documented. If both instructors agree that your excuse is reasonable and valid, arrangements will be made to compensate for the missing grade. (This will probably be by up-weighting the corresponding part of your final exam; we will not give exams early or late and will not write makeup exams.) Otherwise, you will receive a zero for the exam. There is a university office (Dean of Students office?) that prodes written excuses for absence to attend university-sanctioned events; these will, of course, be honored. DISABILITIES  Students requiring accommodation in testing or notetaking must notify Dr. Birky and must deliver to Dr. Birky the Disability Resource Center faculty letter within the first few days of the course.

CHECK THE GRADING OF YOUR EXAM

Check the addition of the points on individual questions. Go to the Key posted on the web site and check your answers. If you feel a mistake was made, write a note explaining the problem, attach it to your exam, and return it to either TA. No one will discuss any grading problems with you until after this has been done. You must do this within one week after the exam. If you still feel a mistake was made, you may discuss it in person with the TA, who may refer you to the instructor who wrote the exam. The instructors reserve the right to re-grade your entire exam if you request many, or frivolous, changes. This may raise or lower the grade.

RESOURCES Sample Exam Questions The following URLs take you to pdf files, one with old practice problems and exam questions and the other with the answers. The only purpose of these is to give you an idea of the kinds of questions that Dr. Birky has asked in the past and is likely to ask in the future. By kinds of questions is meant multiple choice, fill-in-the-blank, short answers, and problems. Some of these questions may be over material that will not be covered this year. THESE ARE JUST EXAMPLES! ExamQ&AExamples.pdf Schaum's Outline of Genetics This is a very abbreviated outline of genetics that covers many of the topics in this course (or it used to; I haven't seen the lat est editions). It is also a good source of practice problems. It is available by order in the bookstore (delivery is very fast), or from Amazon etc.

URL for website with human chromosomes, showing positions of known genes etc. on each and lots of links to other info is given below. This is NOT a link to the site. Try clicking on a chromosome (e.g. 22 because it is small). Note long stretches of chromosome with no known genes. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/map_search.cgi.

Why Mendel's research was forgotten for 34 years.

Mendel's Pea Genotypes and Phenotypes For photos and descriptions of Mendel's pea phenotypes and the correct gene symbols, go to http:zgs4f.htm . To correct the symbols in the text, replace W and w with R and r; replace G and g with I and i; and replace P and p with A and a.

A Mutation Results in Resistance to Plague and HIV See the web site http://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/case_plague/index.html for the episode "Mystery of the Black Death" of PBS' series Secrets of the Dead. Resistance to bubonic plague and HIV has been traced to a 32-bp deletion in the CCR5 receptor gene which results in a truncated protein product.

 EVOLUTION SIMULATION

Simulation on web: http:simulation.html

Manual simulation: EvolSimDescription.pdf DriftwormsN=5.pdf RandomNumbers1-5.pdf

Files for ECOL320H Class

Hauf04KinetochoreOrient.pdf

Petronczki06WatanabeComment.pdf